July 19 is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.
- 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- 1333 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill - The final battle of the war.
- 1544 - Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.
- 1545 - The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth.
- 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
- 1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada sighted in the English Channel.
- 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: Five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
- 1760 - The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders.
- 1799 - A group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discover what is now known as The Rosetta Stone, enabling the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time.
- 1843 - Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
- 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
- 1864 - Third Battle of Nanking, determined battle at last.
- 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
- 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up his New Mexico saloon.
- 1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
- 1919 - Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall.
- 1940 - World War II: Twelve men were promoted Generalfeldmarschall by Adolf Hitler, see List of German Field Marshals.
- 1940 - World War II: Battle of Cape Spada - The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
- 1940 - World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
- 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
- 1947 - Prime minister of shadow Burma government ,Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members were assassinated by British , which resulted in the political chaos in the country lasting until now.
- 1963 - Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
- 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
- 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
- 1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the U.S.-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
- 1983 - The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
- 1985 - The Val di Stava Dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
- 1989 - United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
- 1670 - Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
- 1688 - Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
- 1744 - Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
- 1759 - Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
- 1789 - John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
- 1800 - Juan José Flores, military and first president of Ecuador (d. 1864)
- 1814 - Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
- 1819 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
- 1822 - Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
- 1827 - Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
- 1834 - Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
- 1849 - Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (d. 1906)
- 1860 - Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
- 1865 - Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
- 1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
- 1876 - John Gunn, Former England cricketer (d. 1963)
- 1877 - Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
- 1883 - Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
- 1892 - Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
- 1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
- 1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
- 1894 - Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
- 1895 - Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
- 1896 - A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
- 1896 - Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
- 1898 - Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
- 1904 - Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, Last Lincoln descendant (d. 1985)
- 1907 - Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
- 1912 - Norman Carr, British conservationist (b. 1997)
- 1914 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1917 - William Scranton, American politician
- 1919 - Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
- 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1922 - Harold Camping, American evangelist, founder of Family Radio
- 1922 - George McGovern, American politician
- 1923 - William A. Rusher, American columnist
- 1924 - Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
- 1924 - Pat Hingle, American actor
- 1925 - Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
- 1926 - Helen Gallagher, American actress
- 1934 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
- 1935 - Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
- 1937 - George Hamilton IV, American country singer
- 1938 - Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
- 1938 - Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
- 1938 - Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
- 1941 - Vikki Carr, American singer
- 1941 - Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU Commissioner for Competition
- 1946 - Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
- 1946 - Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
- 1947 - Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
- 1947 - Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
- 1947 - Brian May, English musician (Queen)
- 1948 - Beverly Archer, American actress
- 1948 - Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
- 1949 - Ivar Kants, Australian actor
- 1950 - Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
- 1950 - Freddy Moore, American songwriter
- 1951 - Abel Ferrara, American filmmake
- 1951 - Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
- 1952 - Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
- 1952 - Robert A. Ficano, American politician
- 1952 - John Griesheimer, American politician
- 1954 - Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
- 1955 - Roger Binny, Former Indian cricketer
- 1956 - Nikki Sudden, English musician (d. 2006)
- 1956 - Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1958 - Robert Gibson, American professional wrestler
- 1958 - David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
- 1960 - Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
- 1961 - Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
- 1961 - Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
- 1961 - Campbell Scott, American actor
- 1961 - Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
- 1962 - Anthony Edwards, American actor
- 1963 - Garth Nix, Australian author
- 1964 - André Action Diakité Jackson, founder African Diamond Producers Association
- 1964 - Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
- 1965 - Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
- 1965 - Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
- 1966 - Nancy Walls, American actress
- 1966 - David Segui, American baseball player
- 1967 - Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
- 1968 - Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
- 1968 - Jim Norton, American comedian and radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
- 1969 - Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
- 1971 - Russell Allen, American musician (Symphony X)
- 1971 - Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
- 1971 - Michael Modest, American professional wrestler
- 1971 - Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
- 1972 - Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
- 1972 - Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
- 1973 - Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
- 1973 - Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor
- 1973 - Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
- 1974 - Rey Bucanero, Mexican professional wrestler
- 1974 - Preston Wilson, baseball player
- 1976 - Vinessa Shaw, American actress
- 1976 - Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
- 1977 - Ed Smith, English cricketer
- 1977 - Tony Mamaluke, American professional wrestler
- 1977 - Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
- 1977 - Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
- 1978 - Nené, Brazilian footballer
- 1979 - Luke Young, English footballer
- 1979 - Rick Ankiel, Baseball pitcher/ outfielder
- 1979 - Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1980 - Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
- 1980 - Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
- 1980 - Mark Webber, American actor
- 1981 - Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
- 1981 - Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
- 1981 - Anderson Luiz de Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
- 1981 - Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
- 1981 - David Bernard, West Indian cricketer
- 1982 - Jared Padalecki, American actor
- 1982 - Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
- 1982 - Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
- 1984 - Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator
- 1984 - Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
- 1984 - Adam Morrison, American basketball player
- 1984 - Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
- 1990 - Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor
- 514 - Pope Symmachus, Italian clergy
- 931 - Uda, Emperor of Japan (b. 867)
- 1374 - Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
- 1415 - Philippa of Lancaster, wife of John I of Portugal (plague) (b. 1359)
- 1543 - Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England
- 1631 - Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
- 1687 - Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
- 1692 - Sarah Good, Puritan accused of being witch during Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
- 1742 - William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
- 1810 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
- 1814 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
- 1838 - Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
- 1850 - Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
- 1857 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
- 1868 - Soji Okita, Japanese samurai
- 1896 - Abraham H. Cannon, American Mormon apostle (b. 1859)
- 1906 - Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (b. 1849)
- 1913 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
- 1939 - Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
- 1947 - Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
- 1947 - U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
- 1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
- 1972 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (b. 1884)
- 1974 - Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
- 1974 - Erno Schwarz, Hungarian American soccer player (b. 1904)
- 1975 - Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
- 1980 - Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
- 1981 - Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
- 1982 - John Harvey, stage and film actor (b. 1911)
- 1984 - Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
- 1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
- 1989 - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (b. 1913)
- 1990 - Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
- 1992 - Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate, martyr of mafia (b. 1940)
- 1998 - Elmer Valo, baseball player (b. 1921)
- 2002 - Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
- 2003 - Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
- 2003 - Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
- 2004 - Reverend Francis Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
- 2004 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
- 2005 - John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
- 2005 - Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
- 2006 - Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
- 2007 - Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
- 2007 - A. K. Faezul Huq, Lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)
- 2008 - Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedienne (b. 1907)
- 2008 - Anastasia Blue, American porn actress (b. 1980)
